Konumohe: Me pēhea te hanga

2024-08-05

Konumohe Ko tētahi o ngā konganuku e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te ao i ēnei rā, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna mama, tōna ātete ki te waikura, me tōna kawe hiko pai rawa atu. Engari kua whakaaro kē koe me pēhea te hanga i tēnei rauemi maha-whakamahinga?

Ka tīmata te tukanga hanga konumohe mā te tango i te konganuku bauxite, koinei te pūtake matua o te konumohe. Kei roto i te bauxite te waikura konumohe (alumina) me ngā poke maha.

Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakamahine i te bauxite kia whiwhi ai i te alumina parakore. Ka tutukihia tēnei mā te tukanga matū uaua e mōhiotia ana ko te tukanga Bayer. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tukatukahia te bauxite ki te hauwai konutai i raro i te pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana hei whakarewa i te alumina, ka waiho ngā poke.

Kia whiwhihia te alumina parakore, ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei ko te tukanga hikohiko. Ka mahia tēnei i roto i tētahi pūtau hikohiko nui e kiia nei ko te pūtau Hall-Héroult. Ka whakarewaina te alumina rewa i roto i tētahi kaukau o te cryolite rewa, ā, ka tukuna he iahiko tika mā roto i te ranunga. I te cathode, ka whiwhi ngā iona konumohe i ngā irahiko, ā, ka whakatakotoria hei parakore. Konumohe whakarewa, i te wā e tukuna ana te hāora i te anode.

Kātahi ka ata tangohia te konumohe rewa ka makahia kia rite ki ngā āhua me ngā āhua rerekē, pērā i ngā ingots, ngā billets, ngā pereti rānei, i runga i te whakamahinga whakamutunga e whakaarohia ana.

He nui te pūngao e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga konumohe, ā, kei te whakapau kaha tonu ki te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tukanga me te whakaiti i tōna pānga ki te taiao. Kei te whakawhanakehia ngā hangarau matatau me ngā mahi tauwhiro hei whakarite kia mau tonu te tuku o tēnei konganuku utu nui, me te whakaiti hoki i tōna tapuwae taiao.

Hei whakamutunga, he mahi whakamiharo te hanga konumohe o te ahumahi hou, e uru ana ki tētahi raupapa o ngā tukanga uaua me te tino whakahaere hei huri i ngā rauemi mata hei konganuku e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā tini tono puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē.