Aruminiyamu: Inogadzirwa Sei

2024-08-05

Aruminiyamu ndeimwe yesimbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose nhasi, inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo, kuramba ngura, uye kugona kwayo kupinza simbi zvakanaka. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti zvinhu izvi zvinoshanduka-shanduka zvinogadzirwa sei?

Maitiro ekugadzira aruminiyamu anotanga nekuburitsa simbi yebauxite, iyo inova ndiyo inonyanya kuburitsa aruminiyamu. Bauxite inowanzova nearuminiyamu oxide (alumina) pamwe chete netsvina dzakasiyana-siyana.

Danho rekutanga ndere kunatsa bauxite kuti pave nealumina yakachena. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara emakemikari anozivikanwa seBayer process. Mukuita uku, bauxite inorapwa nesodium hydroxide pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha kuti inyungudise alumina, zvichisiya tsvina.

Kana alumina yakachena yawanikwa, danho rinotevera ndiro maitiro e electrolysis. Izvi zvinoitwa musero guru re electrolytic rinonzi Hall-Héroult cell. Alumina yakanyungudutswa inonyungudutswa mubhavhu re cryolite yakanyungudutswa, uye magetsi akananga anopfuudzwa nemusanganiswa. Pa cathode, maion ealuminium anowana maerekitironi uye anoiswa seakachena. Simbi yeAruminiyamu, ukuwo okisijeni ichiburitswa pa anode.

Aruminiyamu yakanyungudutswa inobva yabviswa nokungwarira yokandwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sema ingot, ma billets, kana ma slabs, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwainofanira kuitwa.

Kugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu kunoda simba rakawanda, uye kuedza kuri kuitwa nguva dzose kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemaitiro acho uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwayo nharaunda. Tekinoroji yepamusoro uye nzira dzinogara dziri kugadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti simbi iyi inokosha inoramba ichiwanikwa uku ichideredza kukanganiswa kwayo nezvakatipoteredza.

Mukupedzisa, kugadzirwa kwearuminiyamu ibasa rinoshamisa remaindasitiri emazuva ano, rinosanganisira maitiro akatevedzana akaomarara uye anodzorwa zvakanyanya ekushandura zvinhu zvakagadzirwa kuita simbi inoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwakawanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.